Space- and Time-Resolved Mapping of Ionic Dynamic and Electroresistive Phenomena in Lateral Devices. Evgheni Strelcov, Stephen Jesse, Yen-Lin Huang, Yung-Chun Teng, Ivan I.ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2013, 5 Characterizing Ion Profiles in Dynamic Junction Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2014, 118 Electronic Polarization at Pentacene/Polymer Dielectric Interfaces: Imaging Surface Potentials and Contact Potential Differences as a Function of Substrate Type, Growth Temperature, and Pentacene Microstructure. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016, 8 Doping Evolution and Junction Formation in Stacked Cyanine Dye Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Véron, Beat Ruhstaller, Stéphane Altazin, Frank Nüesch, and Roland Hany. Sandra Jenatsch, Lei Wang, Matia Bulloni, Anna C.Influence of Lithium Additives in Small Molecule Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Holliday, Majid Minary-Jolandan, and Jason D. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017, 9

Time-Resolved Chemical Mapping in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Mohammad Javad Jafari, Jiang Liu, Isak Engquist, and Thomas Ederth.Correlating Photoluminescence Heterogeneity with Local Electronic Properties in Methylammonium Lead Tribromide Perovskite Thin Films. Disentangling “Bright” and “Dark” Interactions in Ordered Assemblies of Organic Semiconductors. Potential Profile of Stabilized Field-Induced Lateral p–n Junction in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. Yijin Zhang, Ryuji Suzuki, and Yoshihiro Iwasa.Time-Dependent p–i–n Structure and Emission Zone in Sandwich-Type Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Sandra Jenatsch, Markus Regnat, Roland Hany, Matthias Diethelm, Frank Nüesch, Beat Ruhstaller.Interplay of Mobile Ions and Injected Carriers Creates Recombination Centers in Metal Halide Perovskites under Bias. Eperon, Lukas Schmidt-Mende, Xiaosong Li, David S. Precht, Hongbin Liu, Rajiv Giridharagopal, Giles E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2018, 122 Direct Observation and Quantitative Analysis of Mobile Frenkel Defects in Metal Halide Perovskites Using Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018, 10 Challenging Conventional Wisdom: Finding High-Performance Electrodes for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Mattias Lindh, Wei Yang, Shi Tang, Ludvig Edman. This article is cited by 87 publications. In addition to elucidating the differences between conventional dynamic LECs and fixed LECs incorporating cross-linkable ion pair monomers, the results on both systems provide direct evidence for a primarily “p-type” LEC consistent with the emitting junction near the cathode and relatively small electric fields across the bulk of the device for these two material systems. The potential profile evolves over a period of ∼60 min under bias to achieve a final profile similar to that obtained in the LiTf systems. We find that, in conventional dynamic junction LECs formed using lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and the soluble alkoxy-PPV derivative poly trimethylammonium 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethane-sulfonate (METMA/MES), the potential is dropped at both contacts during the initial poling. We measure the potential profiles of both dynamic and fixed junction planar light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) using Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPM) and compare the results against models of LEC operation.

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